IPC Unit 9: Elements and the Periodic Table

During this Unit

This unit focuses on the properties of the elements that are revealed by the arrangement of the Periodic Table. Students relate the placement of an element on the Periodic Table to the element’s classification and bonding behavior. Students develop a conceptual understanding of ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding in this unit.

 

Misconceptions:

  • Students may think atoms can be seen with a microscope.

  • Students may think atoms have electrons orbiting them like planets around the Sun rather than in specific energy levels.

 

Underdeveloped Concepts:

  • Students may not understand the role of valence electrons in reactivity.

  

Key Content Vocabulary:

  • Anion – a negative ion that has one or more excess electrons

  • Cation – a positive ion that has lost one or more electrons

  • Covalent bond – chemical bond in which electrons are shared, equally or unequally, to satisfy the octet rule; molecules and / or atoms held together by covalent bonds

  • Hydrogen bond – a weak bond that occurs between the slightly positive charged hydrogen atom in a polar molecule and slightly negative charged atom(s)  of another polar molecule

  • Ionic bond – a bond in which electrons are given by one atom to another to satisfy the octet rule

  • Ions – a negatively or positively charged atom or group of atoms (particle)

  • Metallic bond – bond in which all the valence electrons of the metal are shared among all the atoms

  • Octet rule – atoms in a compound give, receive, or share electrons so that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell

  • Oxidation number – a number given to an element in a chemical arrangement that represents the number of electrons lost or gained by an atom of that element in the compound; atoms losing electrons are positive; atoms gaining electrons are negative

 

Related Vocabulary:

  • Alkali Earth metals

  • Alkali metals

  • Atomic mass

  • Atomic number

  • Atoms

  • Chemical behavior

  • Classification

  • Compound

  • Electron

  • Element

  • Family

  • Group

  • Halogens

  • Matter

  • Melting point

  • Metal

  • Metalloids

  • Neutron

  • Nonmetal

  • Nucleus

  • Particle

  • Period

  • Periodic Table

  • Physical behavior

  • Proton

  • Reactivity

  • Valence electron

 

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